They inspect construction quality on your behalf while the work happens — checking workmanship and materials against the drawings and specification, recording everything photographically, and raising defects with the contractor while they are still cheap to correct. They are your eyes on site, independent of the builder.
Match the inspections to the moments where poor work is about to be covered up: foundations, damp-proof course, frame, roof, first fix and pre-plaster. On a typical extension that means visits at key stages; on larger or faster projects, weekly or fortnightly. The schedule is agreed against your contractor's programme before inspections start.
Building control checks compliance with building regulations — the legal minimum — at a handful of statutory stages. It does not check that you are getting the quality, materials and details you are paying for. A clerk of works inspects against your specification, not the regulatory floor, and reports to you alone. The two roles complement rather than replace each other.